Chhath Puja is a significant Hindu festival dedicated to the Sun God (Surya) and his consort, Usha (the goddess of dawn), celebrated primarily in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and the Terai regions of Nepal. It holds deep cultural and spiritual meaning, with several reasons behind the celebration:

  1. Thanksgiving to the Sun God: Chhath Puja is a form of gratitude to Surya, the Sun God, who is believed to be the source of life and energy on Earth. Devotees thank Surya for sustaining life, good harvests, and health.
  2. Seeking Blessings and Prosperity: People worship Surya and Chhathi Maiya (the goddess associated with the festival) for blessings, good health, wealth, and the well-being of their families. Many believe that fasting and performing the rituals bring prosperity, happiness, and relief from past sorrows or challenges.
  3. Purification of Body and Soul: Chhath Puja is considered a time of intense penance and discipline. Devotees observe a rigorous fast without food and water and follow the strict rituals of purification. It is believed to cleanse the body and soul, leading to spiritual upliftment.
  4. Environmental Respect: Traditionally, the festival emphasizes ecological respect by focusing on natural water bodies (rivers, ponds, lakes) where the rituals are conducted. Offerings are made in these waters, symbolizing the connection to nature and the environment.
  5. Legends and Cultural Tradition: Several legends are associated with Chhath Puja, including stories from the Ramayana and Mahabharata. For instance, it is said that Lord Rama and Sita observed Chhath Puja to honor Surya after returning from their exile, which spread the custom among devotees. In another legend, it is believed that Draupadi and the Pandavas observed Chhath to regain their lost kingdom.
  6. Promoting Community and Togetherness: The rituals of Chhath Puja bring families and communities together, with devotees offering arghya (prayers and offerings) to the setting and rising sun together. This creates a sense of unity, cooperation, and shared devotion.